It’s common to see a sign by the first tee directing golfers to use the 90-degree rule, but not all golfers understand exactly what the rule means, what it’s used for, and why it’s important to comply. So, let’s look at what the 90-degree rule is all about.

What is it?

The 90-degree rule states that carts should only leave the path when golfers are even with their ball. They should turn off the path at a 90-degree angle and take the shortest route to their ball. After hitting, golfers should return their cart to the path on a similar perpendicular route rather than driving down the remainder of the hole on the grass.

Why is it used?

Cart paths are excellent for lessening the impact of cart traffic around the golf course, but if every cart leaves the path as soon as possible from the teeing area and then they all rejoin the path at the same spot near the green, several issues will arise. First, the turf near the primary exit and entry points will get worn down. Second, there will be more traffic throughout the fairways and roughs as carts drive down the golf holes and much of the path goes unused. Superintendents can employ traffic-control measures like ropes, stakes and signs to disperse the carts, but there is only so much that can be done once carts have left the path.

The 90-degree rule moves the point where carts exit and enter the path from the beginning and ending of each fairway to where tee shots land – which will be different for all players. This rule also helps reduce the amount of time carts are on the grass overall by keeping them on the path longer.

When is it used?

The 90-degree rule is commonly used if a course is wet, but not wet enough to warrant restricting carts to paths only. It may also be used when the grass is under stress or not growing well – e.g., during cold weather or an extended dry period. It may also be implemented if there is ground under repair on common entry and exit points, or if a course experiences large amounts of play and needs to keep more traffic on the paths to reduce general wear and tear. You might also see the rule in place during the shoulder seasons and winter when the ground can be soft and turf growth and recovery is slower or nonexistent.

So, the next time you see the 90-degree rule in place, realize that this policy acts as a middle ground to maximize opportunities to use carts while minimizing the issues that come with heavy traffic on the turf. Try to follow the spirit of the rule and make a crisp 90-degree turn once you reach your ball. Resist the temptation to leave the path early or to keep driving down the fairway after hitting. Following the 90-degree rule might not always be the most convenient option, but it helps golfers use carts more often and improves overall playing conditions.