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APPENDIX I - LOCAL RULES; CONDITIONS OF THE COMPETITION DefinitionsAll defined terms are in italics and are listed alphabetically in the Definitions section.
As provided in Rule 33-8a, the Committee may make and publish Local Rules for local abnormal conditions if they are consistent with the policy established in this Appendix. In addition, detailed information regarding acceptable and prohibited Local Rules is provided in "Decisions on the Rules of Golf" under Rule 33-8 and in "How to Conduct a Competition." If local abnormal conditions interfere with the proper playing of the game and the Committee considers it necessary to modify a Rule of Golf, authorization from the United States Golf Association must be obtained. 1. Defining Bounds and MarginsSpecifying means used to define out of bounds, water hazards, lateral water hazards, ground under repair, obstructions and integral parts of the course (Rule 33-2a). 2. Water Hazards
Clarifying the status of water hazards that may be lateral water hazards (Rule 26).
Permitting play of a ball provisionally under Rule 26-1 for a ball that may be in a water hazard (including a lateral water hazard) of such character that, if the original ball is not found, it is known or virtually certain that it is in the water hazard and it would be impracticable to determine whether the ball is in the hazard or to do so would unduly delay play. 3. Areas of the Course Requiring Preservation; Environmentally-Sensitive AreasAssisting preservation of the course by defining areas, including turf nurseries, young plantations and other parts of the course under cultivation, as ground under repair from which play is prohibited. When the Committee is required to prohibit play from environmentally-sensitive areas that are on or adjoin the course, it should make a Local Rule clarifying the relief procedure. 4. Course Conditions - Mud, Extreme Wetness, Poor Conditions and Protection of Course
Course conditions that might interfere with proper playing of the game, including mud and extreme wetness, warranting relief for an embedded ball anywhere through the green or permitting lifting, cleaning and replacing a ball anywhere through the green or on a closely mown area through the green.
Adverse conditions, including the poor condition of the course or the existence of mud, are sometimes so general, particularly during winter months, that the Committee may decide to grant relief by temporary Local Rule either to protect the course or to promote fair and pleasant play. The Local Rule should be withdrawn as soon as the conditions warrant. 5. Obstructions
Clarifying the status of objects that may be obstructions (Rule 24). Declaring any construction to be an integral part of the course and, accordingly, not an obstruction, e.g., built-up sides of teeing grounds, putting greens and bunkers (Rules 24 and 33-2a).
Allowing the removal of stones in bunkers by declaring them to be movable obstructions (Rule 24-1).
Providing relief from intervention by immovable obstructions on or within two club-lengths of the putting green when the ball lies within two club-lengths of the immovable obstruction.
Providing relief for the protection of young trees.
Providing relief from interference by temporary obstructions (e.g., grandstands, television cables and equipment, etc.). 6. Dropping ZonesEstablishing special areas on which balls may or must be dropped when it is not feasible or practicable to proceed exactly in conformity with Rule 24-2b Immovable Obstruction), Rule 24-3 (Ball in Obstruction Not Found), Rule 25-1b or 25-1c (Abnormal Ground Conditions), Rule 25-3 (Wrong Putting Green), Rule 26-1 (Water Hazards and Lateral Water Hazards) or Rule 28 (Ball Unplayable).
Within the policy established in Part A of this Appendix, the Committee may adopt a Specimen Local Rule by referring, on a score card or notice board, to the examples given below. However, Specimen Local Rules of a temporary nature should not be printed on a score card. 1. Water Hazards; Ball Played Provisionally Under Rule 26-1If a water hazard (including a lateral water hazard) is of such size and shape and/or located in such a position that:
the Committee may introduce a Local Rule permitting the play of a ball provisionally under Rule 26-1. The ball is played provisionally under any of the applicable options under Rule 26-1 or any applicable Local Rule. In such a case, if a ball is played provisionally and the original ball is in a water hazard, the player may play the original ball as it lies or continue with the ball played provisionally, but he may not proceed under Rule 26-1 with regard to the original ball. In these circumstances, the following Local Rule is recommended:
2. Areas of the Course Requiring Preservation; Environmentally-Sensitive Areas
If the Committee wishes to protect any area of the course, it should declare it to be ground under repair and prohibit play from within that area. The following Local Rule is recommended:
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"I. Definition An environmentally-sensitive area (ESA) is an area so declared by an appropriate authority, entry into and/or play from which is prohibited for environmental reasons. These areas may be defined as ground under repair, a water hazard, a lateral water hazard or out of bounds at the discretion of the Committee, provided that in the case of an ESA that has been defined as a water hazard or a lateral water hazard, the area is, by Definition, a water hazard. Note 1: The Committee may not declare an area to be environmentally-sensitive. II. Ball in Environmentally-Sensitive Area
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When it is desired to prevent damage to young trees, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"Protection of young trees identified by ______ - If such a tree interferes with a player's stance or the area of his intended swing, the ball must be lifted, without penalty, and dropped in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Rule 24-2b (Immovable Obstruction). If the ball lies in a water hazard, the player must lift and drop the ball in accordance with Rule 24-2b(i), except that the nearest point of relief must be in the water hazard and the ball must be dropped in the water hazard, or the player may proceed under Rule 26. The ball may be cleaned when lifted under this Local Rule. Exception: A player may not take relief under this Local Rule if (a) it is clearly unreasonable for him to make a stroke because of interference by anything other than the tree or (b) interference by the tree would occur only through use of an unnecessarily abnormal stance, swing or direction of play. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
a. Relief for Embedded Ball
Rule 25-2 provides relief, without penalty, for a ball embedded in its own pitch-mark in any closely mown area through the green. On the putting green, a ball may be lifted and damage caused by the impact of a ball may be repaired (Rules 16-1b and c). When permission to take relief for an embedded ball anywhere through the green would be warranted, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"Through the green, a ball that is embedded in its own pitch-mark in the ground may be lifted, without penalty, cleaned and dropped as near as possible to where it lay but not nearer the hole. The ball when dropped must first strike a part of the course through the green. Exceptions:
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
b. Cleaning Ball
Conditions, such as extreme wetness causing significant amounts of mud to adhere to the ball, may be such that permission to lift, clean and replace the ball would be appropriate. In these circumstances, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"(Specify area) a ball may be lifted, cleaned and replaced without penalty. Note: The position of the ball must be marked before it is lifted under this Local Rule - see Rule 20-1. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
c. "Preferred Lies" and "Winter Rules"
Ground under repair is provided for in Rule 25, and occasional local abnormal conditions that might interfere with fair play and are not widespread should be defined as ground under repair.
However, adverse conditions, such as heavy snows, spring thaws, prolonged rains or extreme heat can make fairways unsatisfactory and sometimes prevent use of heavy mowing equipment. When these conditions are so general throughout a course that the Committee believes "preferred lies" or "winter rules" would promote fair play or help protect the course, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"A ball lying on a closely mown area through the green [or specify a more restricted area, e.g., at the 6th hole] may be lifted without penalty and cleaned. Before lifting the ball, the player must mark its position. Having lifted the ball, he must place it on a spot within [specify area, e.g., six inches, one club-length, etc.] of and not nearer the hole than where it originally lay, that is not in a hazard and not on a putting green. A player may place his ball only once, and it is in play when it has been placed (Rule 20-4). If the ball fails to come to rest on the spot on which it was placed, Rule 20-3d applies. If the ball when placed comes to rest on the spot on which it is placed and it subsequently moves , there is no penalty and the ball must be played as it lies, unless the provisions of any other Rule apply. If the player fails to mark the position of the ball before lifting it or moves the ball in any other manner, such as rolling it with a club, he incurs a penalty of one stroke. Note: "Closely mown area" means any area of the course, including paths through the rough, cut to fairway height or less. *PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: *If a player incurs the general penalty for a breach of this Local Rule, no additional penalty under the Local Rule is applied." |
d. Aeration Holes
When a course has been aerated, a Local Rule permitting relief, without penalty, from an aeration hole may be warranted. The following Local Rule is recommended:
"Through the green, a ball that comes to rest in or on an aeration hole may be lifted without penalty, cleaned and dropped as near as possible to the spot where it lay but not nearer the hole. The ball when dropped must first strike a part of the course through the green. On the putting green, a ball that comes to rest in or on an aeration hole may be placed at the nearest spot not nearer the hole that avoids the situation. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
e. Seams of Cut Turf
If a Committee wishes to allow relief from seams of cut turf, but not from the cut turf itself, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"Through the green, seams of cut turf (not the turf itself) are deemed to be ground under repair. However, interference by a seam with the player's stance is deemed not to be, of itself, interference under Rule 25-1. If the ball lies in or touches the seam or the seam interferes with the area of intended swing, relief is available under Rule 25-1. All seams within the cut turf area are considered the same seam.
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULEp
Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes."
Stones are, by definition, loose impediments and, when a player's ball is in a hazard, a stone lying in or touching the hazard may not be touched or moved (Rule 13-4). However, stones in bunkers may represent a danger to players (a player could be injured by a stone struck by the player's club in an attempt to play the ball) and they may interfere with the proper playing of the game.
When permission to lift a stone in a bunker is warranted, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"Stones in bunkers are movable obstructions (Rule 24-1 applies)." |
Rule 24-2 provides relief, without penalty, from interference by an immovable obstruction, but also provides that, except on the putting green, intervention on the line of play is not, of itself, interference under this Rule.
However, on some courses, the aprons of the putting greens are so closely mown that players may wish to putt from just off the green. In such conditions, immovable obstructions on the apron may interfere with the proper playing of the game and the introduction of the following Local Rule providing additional relief, without penalty, from intervention by an immovable obstruction would be warranted:
"Relief from interference by an immovable obstruction may be taken under Rule 24-2. In addition, if a ball lies off the putting green but not in a hazard and an immovable obstruction on or within two club-lengths of the putting green and within two club-lengths of the ball intervenes on the line of play between the ball and the hole, the player may take relief as follows:
Relief under this Local Rule is also available if the player's ball lies on the putting green and an immovable obstruction within two club-lengths of the putting green intervenes on his line of putt. The player may take relief as follows:
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
When temporary obstructions are installed on or adjoining the course, the Committee should define the status of such obstructions as movable, immovable or temporary immovable obstructions.
a. Temporary Immovable Obstructions
If the Committee defines such obstructions as temporary immovable obstructions, the following Local Rule is recommended:
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b. Temporary Power Lines and Cables
When temporary power lines, cables or telephone lines are installed on the course, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"Temporary power lines, cables, telephone lines and mats covering or stanchions supporting them are obstructions:
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If the Committee considers that it is not feasible or practicable to proceed in accordance with a Rule providing relief, it may establish Dropping Zones in which balls may or must be dropped when taking relief. Generally, such Dropping Zones should be provided as an additional relief option to those available under the Rule itself, rather than being mandatory.
Using the example of a Dropping Zone for a water hazard, when such a Dropping Zone is established, the following Local Rule is recommended:
"If a ball is in or it is known or virtually certain that a ball that has not been found is in the water hazard (specify location), the player may:
PENALTY FOR BREACH OF LOCAL RULE: |
Note: When using a Dropping Zone the following provisions apply regarding the dropping and re-dropping of the ball:
(a) The player does not have to stand within the Dropping Zone when dropping the ball.
(b) The dropped ball must first strike a part of the course within the Dropping Zone.
(c) If the Dropping Zone is defined by a line, the line is within the Dropping Zone.
(d) The dropped ball does not have to come to rest within the Dropping Zone.
(e) The dropped ball must be re-dropped if it rolls and comes to rest in a position covered by Rule 20-2c(i-vi).
(f) The dropped ball may roll nearer the hole than the spot where it first struck a part of the course, provided it comes to rest within two club-lengths of that spot and not into any of the positions covered by (e).
(g) Subject to the provisions of (e) and (f), the dropped ball may roll and come to rest nearer the hole than:
· its original position or estimated position (see Rule 20-2b);
· the nearest point of relief or maximum available relief (Rule 24-2, 24-3, 25-1 or 25-3); or
· the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard or lateral water hazard (Rule 26-1).
If the Committee wishes to act in accordance with the Note under Rule 14-3, the following wording is recommended:
"Distance-Measuring Devices: [Specify as appropriate, e.g., In this competition, or For all play at this course, etc.], a player may obtain distance information by using a device that measures distance only. If, during a stipulated round, a player uses a distance-measuring device that is designed to gauge or measure other conditions that might affect his play (e.g., gradient, wind speed, temperature, etc.), the player is in breach of Rule 14-3, for which the penalty is disqualification, regardless of whether any such additional function is actually used." |
| PART C: CONDITIONS OF THE COMPETITION |
Rule 33-1 provides, "The Committee must establish the conditions under which a competition is to be played." These conditions should include many matters such as method of entry, eligibility, number of rounds to be played, etc., which it is not appropriate to deal with in the Rules of Golf or this Appendix. Detailed information regarding these conditions is provided in "Decisions on the Rules of Golf" under Rule 33-1 and in "How to Conduct a Competition."
However, there are a number of matters that might be covered in the Conditions of the Competition to which the Committee's attention is specifically drawn. These are:
The following conditions are recommended only for competitions involving expert players:
a. List of Conforming Driver Heads
On its Web site (http://www.usga.org) the USGA periodically issues a List of Conforming Driver Heads that lists driving clubheads that have been evaluated and found to conform to the Rules of Golf. If the Committee wishes to limit players to drivers that have a clubhead, identified by model and loft, that is on the List, the List should be made available and the following condition of competition used:
"Any driver the player carries must have a clubhead, identified by model and loft, that is named on the current List of Conforming Driver Heads issued by the USGA. Exception: A driver with a clubhead that was manufactured prior to 1999 is exempt from this condition. *PENALTY FOR CARRYING, BUT NOT MAKING STROKE WITH, CLUB OR CLUBS IN BREACH OF CONDITION: *Any club or clubs carried in breach of this condition must be declared out of play by the player to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred. If the player fails to do so, he is disqualified. PENALTY FOR MAKING STROKE WITH CLUB IN BREACH OF CONDITION:
On its Web site (http://www.usga.org) the USGA periodically issues a List of Conforming Golf Balls that lists balls that have been tested and found to conform with the Rules of Golf. If the Committee wishes to require players to play a brand and model of golf ball on the List, the List should be made available and the following condition of competition used: "The ball the player plays must be named on the current List of Conforming Golf Balls issued by the United States Golf Association. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION: |
c. One Ball Condition
If it is desired to prohibit changing brands and models of golf balls during a stipulated round, the following condition is recommended:
"Limitation on Balls Used During Round (Note to Rule 5-1):
Note: If a ball of a different brand and/or model is dropped or placed, it may be lifted, without penalty, and the player must then proceed by dropping or placing a proper ball (Rule 20-6). PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION:
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If the Committee wishes to act in accordance with the Note, the following wording is recommended:
"If the player arrives at his starting point, ready to play, within five minutes after his starting time, in the absence of circumstances that warrant waiving the penalty of disqualification as provided in Rule 33-7, the penalty for failure to start on time is loss of the first hole to be played in match play or two strokes in stroke play. Penalty for lateness beyond five minutes is disqualification."
Rule 6-4 permits a player to use a caddie, provided he has only one caddie at any one time. However, there may be circumstances where a Committee may wish to prohibit caddies or restrict a player in his choice of caddie, e.g., professional golfer, sibling, parent, another player in the competition, etc. In such cases, the following wording is recommended:
Use of Caddie Prohibited "A player is prohibited from using a caddie during the stipulated round." Restriction on Who May Serve as Caddie "A player is prohibited from having ___________ serve as his caddie during the stipulated round. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION: A player having a caddie in breach of this condition must immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred ensure that he conforms with this condition for the remainder of the stipulated round. Otherwise, the player is disqualified." |
The Committee may establish pace of play guidelines to help prevent slow play, in accordance with Note 2 to Rule 6-7.
As there have been many deaths and injuries from lightning on golf courses, all clubs and sponsors of golf competitions are urged to take precautions for the protection of persons against lightning. Attention is called to Rules 6-8 and 33-2d. If the Committee desires to adopt the condition in the Note under Rule 6-8b, the following wording is recommended:
"When play is suspended by the Committee for a dangerous situation, if the players in a match or group are between the play of two holes, they must not resume play until the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. If they are in the process of playing a hole, they must discontinue play immediately and not resume play until the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. If a player fails to discontinue play immediately, he is disqualified, unless circumstances warrant waiving the penalty as provided in Rule 33-7. The signal for suspending play due to a dangerous situation will be a prolonged note of the siren." The following signals are generally used and it is recommended that all Committees do similarly:
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a. General
The Committee may make regulations governing practice in accordance with the Note to Rule 7-1, Exception (c) to Rule 7-2, Note 2 to Rule 7 and Rule 33-2c.
b. Practice Between Holes (Note 2 to Rule 7)
If the Committee wishes to act in accordance with Note 2 to Rule 7-2, the following wording is recommended:
"Between the play of two holes, a player must not make any practice stroke on or near the putting green of the hole last played and must not test the surface of the putting green of the hole last played by rolling a ball. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION: |
If the Committee wishes to act in accordance with the Note under Rule 8, the following wording is recommended:
"In accordance with the Note to Rule 8 of the Rules of Golf, each team may appoint one person (in addition to the persons from whom advice may be asked under that Rule) who may give advice to members of that team. Such person (if it is desired to insert any restriction on who may be nominated, insert such restriction here) must be identified to the Committee before giving advice." |
The Committee may provide, in accordance with the Note to Rule 33-2b, that the holes and teeing grounds for a single-round competition being held on more than one day may be differently situated on each day.
If it is desired to require players to walk in a competition, the following condition is recommended:
"Players must not ride on any form of transportation during a stipulated round unless authorized by the Committee. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONDITION: |
The Committee may require, in the conditions of competition, that players comply with an anti-doping policy.
In both match play and stroke play, a tie can be an acceptable result. However, when it is desired to have a sole winner, the Committee has the authority, under Rule 33-6, to determine how and when a tie is decided. The decision should be published in advance.
The USGA recommends:
Match Play
A match that ends all square should be played off hole by hole until one Side wins a hole. The play-off should start on the hole where the match began. In a handicap match, handicap strokes should be allowed as in the stipulated round.
Stroke Play
(a) In the event of a tie in a scratch stroke-play competition, a play-off is recommended. The play-off may be over 18 holes or a smaller number of holes as specified by the Committee. If that is not feasible or there is still a tie, a hole-by-hole play-off is recommended.
(b) In the event of a tie in a handicap stroke-play competition, a play-off with handicaps is recommended. The play-off may be over 18 holes or a smaller number of holes as specified by the Committee. It is recommended that any such play-off consist of at least three holes.
In competitions where the handicap stroke allocation table is not relevant, if the play-off is less than 18 holes the percentage of 18 holes played should be applied to the players' handicaps to determine their play-off handicaps. Handicap stroke fractions of one-half stroke or more should count as a full stroke and any lesser fraction should be disregarded.
In competitions where the handicap stroke table is relevant, such as four-ball stroke play and bogey, par and Stableford competitions, handicap strokes should be taken as they were assigned for the competition using the players' respective stroke allocation table(s).
(c) If a play-off of any type is not feasible, matching score cards is recommended. The method of matching cards should be announced in advance and should also provide what will happen if this procedure does not produce a winner. An acceptable method of matching the cards is to determine the winner on the basis of the best score for the last nine holes. If the tying players have the same score for the last nine, determine the winner on the basis of the last six holes, last three holes and finally the 18th hole. If this method is used in a competition with a multiple tee start, it is recommended that the "last nine holes, last six holes, etc." is considered to be holes 10-18, 13-18, etc.
For competitions where the handicap stroke table is not relevant, such as individual stroke play, if the last nine, last six, last three holes scenario is used, one-half, one-third, one-sixth, etc. of the handicaps should be deducted from the score for those holes. In terms of the use of fractions in such deductions, the Committee should act in accordance with the recommendations of the relevant handicapping authority.
In competitions where the handicap stroke table is relevant, such as four-ball stroke play and bogey, par and Stableford competitions, handicap strokes should be taken as they were assigned for the competition, using the players' respective stroke allocation table(s).
Although the draw for match play may be completely blind or certain players may be distributed through different quarters or eighths, the General Numerical Draw is recommended if matches are determined by a qualifying round.
General Numerical Draw
For purposes of determining places in the draw, ties in qualifying rounds other than those for the last qualifying place are decided by the order in which scores are returned, with the first score to be returned receiving the lowest available number, etc. If it is impossible to determine the order in which scores are returned, ties are determined by a blind draw.
| UPPER HALF | LOWER HALF | UPPER HALF | LOWER HALF | |||
| 64 QUALIFIERS | 32 QUALIFIERS | |||||
| 1 vs. 64 | 2 vs. 63 | 1 vs. 32 | 2 vs. 31 | |||
| 32 vs. 33 | 31 vs. 34 | 16 vs. 17 | 15 vs. 18 | |||
| 16 vs. 49 | 15 vs. 50 | 8 vs. 25 | 7 vs. 26 | |||
| 17 vs. 48 | 18 vs. 47 | 9 vs. 24 | 10 vs. 23 | |||
| 8 vs. 57 | 7 vs. 58 | 4 vs. 29 | 3 vs. 30 | |||
| 25 vs. 40 | 26 vs. 39 | 13 vs. 20 | 14 vs. 19 | |||
| 9 vs. 56 | 10 vs. 55 | 5 vs. 28 | 6 vs. 27 | |||
| 24 vs. 41 | 23 vs. 42 | 12 vs. 21 | 11 vs. 22 | |||
| 4 vs. 61 | 3 vs. 62 | 16 QUALIFIERS | ||||
| 29 vs. 36 | 30 vs. 35 | 1 vs. 16 | 2 vs. 15 | |||
| 13 vs. 52 | 14 vs. 51 | 8 vs. 9 | 7 vs. 10 | |||
| 20 vs. 45 | 19 vs. 46 | 4 vs. 13 | 3 vs. 14 | |||
| 5 vs. 60 | 6 vs. 59 | 5 vs. 12 | 6 vs. 11 | |||
| 28 vs. 37 | 27 vs. 38 | 8 QUALIFIERS | ||||
| 12 vs. 53 | 11 vs. 54 | 1 vs. 8 | 2 vs. 7 | |||
| 21 vs. 44 | 22 vs. 43 | 4 vs. 5 | 3 vs. 6 | |||