A Ryder Cup Rules Primer

September 14, 2008

By Larry Startzel

With theRyderCup beginning this week atValhallaGolf Club inLouisville,Ky., PGA of America rules officialLarryStartzelprepared a primer that explains the format and some past decisions,as the USGA's Rules of Golf has been applied.

The three days of match play competition at the Ryder Cup consist of three forms of play. They are Fourball, Foursome and Singles. Fourball and Foursome are played Friday and Saturday, two matches per day, and Single Matches are conducted on Sunday.

According to the official Ryder Cup site, each team captain independently submits the order of play for his team to the appointed tournament official. The lists from each captain are matched, resulting in the pairings. Please note that the players in pairings can be modified by the team captains only if a player is ill or injured. Pairings are subject to change and should not be considered final until play begins for a particular match.

Players aren't used to match play Rules situations. (USGA Museum)
In referencing the definitions in the front of the USGA's Rules Book, the following apply: Fourball is a match in which two players play their better ball against the better ball of two other players. Foursome is a match in which two competitors play against two other players and each side plays one ball. Single is a match in which one player competes against another player.

There are a few potential Rules problems with the first two forms of play. Probably the greatest overall Rules problem is that the players compete in stroke play competitions in their professional career and the nuances of match play do not exist for them.

Two Fourball situations come to mind. Both happened at Oak Hill in 1995. Peter Jacobsen picked up a tap-in putt because he thought his partner had already holed out for par, when in reality he made bogey. Jacobsen's miscue cost the side the hole.

In a match I was refereeing, Fred Couples had hit a ball into the water on a fifth hole and was lying four on the putting green. In the meantime, the other three players were on the green in two strokes. Couples, who was farthest from the hole, had marked and lifted his ball. He was standing off to the side of the green and appeared to be disinterested in playing out. Davis Love III, Couples' partner, was 5 feet from the hole; the two Europeans were farther away. The European side went to play, but since Couples' coin was still on the green - marking the position of his ball - the side was actually away. This allowed Love to play first, since the side may play in the order they feel best. He made his birdie and the Europeans missed. They both assumed Couples had picked up his ball and that they would be able to play before Love.

In Foursome play, USGA Decision 29/3 cites side A/B. A practices on the last putting green played after partner B drives from the next teeing ground, and the side loses the hole for a breach of Rule 7-2. In USGA Decision 29/5, A leaves his sand shot in the bunker and in disgust hits the sand with his club. Since in this Rule the word "player" includes his partner where the context so admits, the side loses the hole for a breach of Rule 13-4. The final tricky part of Foursomes is that penalty strokes do not affect the order of play. The referee has to stay alert as to who plays next.

Order of play may be the biggest issue in the matches. The Rules are black and white, yet deciding who is away can seem subjective at times. In the Solheim Cup Matches a few years ago, a stroke was recalled by a player when her opponent played out of turn. It is imperative for a referee to be extremely alert as to who is away. There is a fine line between being present and unobtrusive and being on top of things.

Ryder Cup referees practice preventive officiating, so hopefully most Rules situations are headed off before they happen.

Larry Startzel, who will represent the PGA of America as a referee at this week's Ryder Cup, served as a consulting member on the USGA Rules of Golf Committee. He also is a past chair of the PGA of America's Rules Committee and past head referee for the Ryder Cup .