D
damping off -
A disease of seeds or young seedlings caused by fungi.
desiccation -
Drying. A type of winter injury sustained on exposed turf areas
when subjected to high winds.
dethatch -
The procedure of removing an excessive thatch accumulation either
mechanically, such as vertical mowing, or biologically, such as
by topdressing with soil.
disease -
Disturbance in normal functioning and growth, usually caused by
pathogenic fungi, bacteria, or viruses.
dolomite (dolomitic limestone) -
A limestone rich in magnesium carbonate.
dormant -
Resting, or non-vegetative state, as it pertains to turfgrass
growth.
drainage -
The rapid removal of water by surface contouring (swales or
ditches), or subsurface tile drainage. There are three main types
of drainage.
Surface drainage
refers to water moved across the surface as a result of a
descending grade.
Internal drainage
refers to the movement of water through the pores of a soil or
root zone.
Subsurfacedrainage
usually refers to the movement of water through underlying
drainage pipe or buried gravel layer such as in a USGA green.
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ECe (electrical conductivity of soil extract) -
A laboratory measurement used to categorize the relative salinity
hazard of a soil. Measured in decisiemens per meter of soil (dSm
-1
). An EC
e
> 4 is beginning to become saline for turfgrass growth.
ECw (electrical conductivity of water) -
A laboratory measurement used to categorize the relative salinity
hazard or total dissolved salts in irrigation water. Measured in
decisimens (dSm
-1
).
effluent water -
see recycled / reclaimed / reuse water
emergence -
The stage of germination and growth at which shoots appear at the
soil surface.
emulsion -
Systems of oil dispersed in water or systems of water dispersed
in oil. A more or less stable mixture, but not a true
solution.
emulsifiable -
Capable of being placed in emulsion.
erosion -
The wearing away of the soil or land surface by running water,
wind, or other geological agents.
ESP (exchangeable sodium percentage) -
Used to classify sodic and saline-sodic soil conditions. Measured
in percentage (%) units of the total sodium in relation to the
total exchange capacity of the soil.
evapotranspiration -
The combination of soil evaporation and transpiration from the
plant. Total water loss in vapor form from plant and soil.
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face/bunker -
The slope or incline of a bunker constructed in the direction of
the putting green which is intended to create an added obstacle
for a player to negotiate during play.
fairway -
There is no precise definition in the
Rules of Golf
for fairway. It is deemed to be an area between the tee and
putting green included in the term "through the green."
In terms of maintenance, fairways are those areas of the course
which are mowed at heights between 0.375 and one inch, depending
upon grass species and cultural intensity desired. Fairways
normally measure approximately 40 yards in width, but vary from
about 30 yards to more than 100 yards depending on the caliber of
the golf course involved and limitations imposed by architecture
or terrain.
fertigation -
The application of fertilizer through an irrigation system.
fertilizer -
A nutrient material applied to plants to assist growth.
flocculate -
To aggregate individual particles into small groups or granules;
used especially with reference to clay and colloid behavior.
foliar fertilizers -
Soluble plant nutrient materials applied to the leaf surface and
capable of being absorbed through leaves.
footprinting: frost -
Discolored areas of dead leaf tissue shaped in the form of foot
impressions that are left after walking on live, frosted
turfgrass leaves.
footprinting: wilt -
Temporary foot impressions left on a turf because the flaccid or
wilted leaves of grass plants are suffering from wilt. The plants
have insufficient turgor to spring back after being walked on or
traveled over by maintenance equipment.
forking -
The use of a pitchfork or similar device as an expedient means of
cultivation of small areas of putting greens for the purpose of
improving water penetration.
fumigant -
A liquid or solid substance that forms vapors that destroys most
biotic agents (e.g. pathogens, insects, etc). Fumigants are
usually used in soils or closed structures such as under a
tent.
fungicide -
A chemical that kills or inhibits fungi.
fungus -
A low form of plant life which, lacking chlorophyll and being
incapable of manufacturing its own food, lives off dead or living
plant or animal matter.
friable -
Easily crumbled in the fingers.
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